A. Fundamentals of Human Geography — Unit – I: Human Geography - Nature and Scope
Source: 2026 syllabus PDF, page 2
A. Fundamentals of Human Geography — Unit – II: People
- Population of the world- distribution, density and growth;
- Population change – spatial patterns and structure; determinants of population change;
- Human development – concept; selected indicators, international comparisons.
Source: 2026 syllabus PDF, page 2
A. Fundamentals of Human Geography — Unit – III: Human Activities
- Primary activities – concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agriculture and allied activities – some examples from selected countries;
- Secondary activities – concept; manufacturing; agro-processing, household, small- scale, large-scale Industries, people engaged in secondary activities
- Tertiary activities – some examples from selected countries;
- Quaternary activities – concept; knowledge-based industries; people engaged in quaternary activities – some examples from selected countries.
Source: 2026 syllabus PDF, page 2
A. Fundamentals of Human Geography — Unit – IV: Transport, Communication and Trade
- Land transport – roads, railways – rail network; trans – continental railways;
- Water transport – inland waterways; major ocean routes;
- Air transport – Intercontinental air routes ;
- Oil and gas pipelines;
- Satellite communication and cyberspace ;
- International trade – basis and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade, role of WTO in International trade.
Source: 2026 syllabus PDF, page 2
B. India: People and Economy — Unit – I: People
- Population – distribution density and growth, composition of population-linguistic and religious, rural – urban population occupational; change through time-regional variations.
Source: 2026 syllabus PDF, page 3
B. India: People and Economy — Unit – II: Human Settlements
- Rural settlements – Types and distribution.
- Urban settlements – Types, distribution and functional classification.
Source: 2026 syllabus PDF, page 3
B. India: People and Economy — Unit – III: Resources and Development
- Land resources-general land use; agriculture land use – major crops; agricultural development and problems, common property resources.
- Water resources – availability and utilization – irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods – rain water harvesting and watershed management.
- Mineral and energy resources – metallic and non-metallic minerals and their distribution; conventional and non-conventional energy sources.
- Planning in India – target area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study).
Source: 2026 syllabus PDF, page 3
B. India: People and Economy — Unit – IV: Transport, Communication and International Trade
- Transport and communication – roads, railways, waterways and airways; oil and gas pipelines; communication networking – radio, television, satellite and internet.
- International trade – changing pattern of India’s foreign trade; seaports and their hinterland and airports.
Source: 2026 syllabus PDF, page 3
B. India: People and Economy — Unit – V: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
- Environmental pollution ; Urban – waste disposal ;
- Urbanization-rural-urban migration; problems of slums;
- Land degradation.
Source: 2026 syllabus PDF, page 3